<p>The Old Boardman Bridge, formerly Boardman Bridge, is a historic lenticular truss bridge, which used to carry Boardman Road across the Housatonic River in New Milford, Connecticut. Built from 1887 to 1888 out of wrought iron, it is one of the states three surviving examples of this bridge type, and along with Lovers Leap Bridge, one of two in New Milford. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Old Boardman Bridge is located in central western New Milford, northeast of the junction of United States Route 7 and Boardman Road. It spans the Housatonic River a few feet north (upriver) of the current Boardman Bridge that carries Boardman Road over the water. There are small public parks at each end of the bridge, which is closed to all access. It is a lenticular truss structure built out of wrought iron, and is 188 ft long, with a roadway width of 15 ft. It passes about 20 ft over the typical water level of the river. The trusses are set on abutments of rough-cut stone, with box girder columns supporting the ends of the trusses. Truss joints are pinned together. and there are numerous diagonal and cross-bracing elements of narrower gauge than the main chords. The deck is supported by I-bars descending from the trusses at 12 points, originally consisting of corrugated metal sheets laid on I-beams.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A wooden toll bridge, built in 1840, had been swept away in the flood of 1854. The iron bridge was rebuilt in 1887-1888 by the Berlin Iron Bridge Company, during a period when iron was supplanting wood as a preferred bridge-building material, but had not yet itself been replaced by steel.</p><br>
<p>It carried pedestrians, horses and buggies, and vehicles over the Housatonic River for almost a century before a new two-lane steel bridge, also called Boardman Bridge, replaced it in 1984. The Old Boardman Bridge was closed to vehicles, but was still open to foot traffic for another year before the deck was deemed to be unsafe, and the bridge was permanently closed with a chain-link fence.</p><br>
<p>Efforts were made to restore the bridge in the early 2000&#39;s; however, the funds went to restoring the other lenticular truss bridge in town at Lovers Leap State Park.</p><br>
<h2>Future and Possible Restoration</h2><br>
<p>On July 26, 2017, with the suggestion of Mayor David R. Gronbach, the New Milford Town Council voted to establish the Old Boardman Bridge Committee to determine how to best rehabilitate and reopen the bridge to foot and bicycle traffic. As the current Boardman Bridge does not have sidewalks or shoulders, this would allow for safe pedestrian crossing between Route 7 and the Sega Meadows Trail and future New Milford River Trail.</p><br>
<p>Plans for reopening the bridge will include removing the vegetation that is growing on and around it, masonry repair of the abutments and wing walls, replacing the unsafe deck with a timber decking, repairing and replacing the structural components, and repainting it.</p><br>
<p>The North Grove School is a historic one-room schoolhouse located at 26475 Brickville Road northwest of Sycamore, Illinois. Swedish immigrants built the school in 1878; while it was originally a Lutheran school, it became part of the DeKalb County public school system two years later. The school served area students in the first through eighth grades until 1952, when it closed during a wave of school consolidations. After its closure, the school building was briefly used by the local Community Club. It is the only one-room schoolhouse in DeKalb County that is at its original site and has not been significantly altered.</p><br>
<p>The school was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 15, 2012. A modern elementary school in Sycamore, which opened in 2010, is named for the school.</p><br>
<p>The Colter Ranch Historic District consists of twelve buildings in a rural setting near Eagar, Arizona. The site is located in the Amity Valley, which itself is part of Round Valley ; the Little Colorado River runs along the one side of the district. Most of the buildings date from between 1904 and 1930, the period during which Fred Colter resided on the residence.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Colter Ranch is situated in the portion of Round Valley known as Amity Valley, the valley&#39;s name being derived from the Mormon ward which was located here in the 1800s. Eagar and Springerville are the nearest towns. The area is mostly farmland, made possible by irrigation water from the Little Colorado River.</p><br>
<p>The boundaries of the historic district are the Little Colorado River to the north, 4th Street to the south, and School Bus Road to the west. The boundary on the east is less distinct, lying along a section line on a USGS map (T8N, R29E). The Milligan Ditch, bringing irrigation water from the Little Colorado to the historic ranch bisects the district, running east to west.</p><br>
<p>Most of the buildings in the district lie on the southern bank of the ditch, towards the western end of the district. These include three sheds (two wooden, and one corrugated metal); a stuccoed log bunkhouse; a log cabin; a corrugated metal shed; a larger wood storage building, which at one point served as the ranch&#39;s commissary; and a wooden machine shop. On the northern side of the ditch can be found a barn, a granary, and a work shed (which is also known as the "little barn").</p><br>
<p>The oldest structure still standing is the log cabin, built ca. 1890. It is a ten by fifteen foot rectangle, the exterior of the building is covered with finished planks, fitted at the corners. The single entrance faces south, away from the Milligan ditch. Its wood-shingled roof is side-gabled with a medium pitch. There is a fireplace on its east side, with a small window on the corresponding west end of the building.</p><br>
<p>The next oldest buildings are the barn, the bunkhouse, the smaller of the wooden sheds, and the storage building (commissary), all of which were constructed circa 1910. The barn is the largest building in the district, measuring 60 feet long by 35 feet wide. Two stories tall, the walls are covered with board-and-batt siding, and has a corrugated metal roof of medium pitch. It has two single-story additions. The northern addition is 60 feet long with a shed roof, while the eastern addition runs the length of the original structure, widening the footprint of the barn by 15 feet. It has a lean-to structure. The entire barn complex is enclosed by a corral, which has a split rail fence approximately 5 feet high. Also within the corral is a 15 by 15 foot granary. Built circa 1940, it is constructed with the same materials as the barn, and has a shed roof.</p><br>
<p>The bunkhouse has an eastern entrance, and was originally constructed of exposed logs, in the hall-and-parlor style. Two additions were made in the 1930s, giving it its current irregular appearance. The first addition was made to the east side, and consists of a stucco-on-wood frame construction, while the second was made of concrete to the western side. To the west of the bunkhouse, and the most westernmost of all the structures, is the smallest of the sheds. Approximately 10 feet by 10 feet, it is a single story with an outside surface is covered in vertical wood planking, and it has a corrugated metal roof, with a low-slope.</p><br>
<p>The commissary measures about 30 feet by 16 feet, and has wood board-and-batten siding. The front of the building has a door centered on the building, flanked by two square windows. The other exterior walls have no openings to the outside. It has a corrugated metal gable roof. There is a false commercial "boomtown roof" on the south side, which hides the corrugated roof from view.</p><br>
<p>The next buildings were all built in the 1940s. These include the other two sheds. The wooden shed is about ten by fifteen feet, with a gable roof of medium pitch, sheathed in corrugated metal. Its exterior walls are covered in shiplap wood siding. Its single entrance is off centered on the southern side, and has two small windows. Next to this wooden shed is a small corrugated metal shed. Its walls and roof are of corrugated metal, with the roof being shed-style sloping towards the ditch.</p><br>
<p>The machine shop is a wooden structure with an exterior board-and-batt siding. Approximately 35 by 25 feet, it has a gable roof, facing south, with a corrugated metal surface. The south facing front features a pair of large wooden doors. Across the ditch, on the north side is the "little barn", a small work shed measuring 18 feet by 12 feet. It has a shed roof of corrugated metal, and its walls are unfinished board-and-batt.</p><br>
<p>There are also two modern homes within the district, built in the 1980s, which do not contribute to the historicity of the site.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1881, Micajah Harris Phelps settled a 160 acre parcel of land straddling the just completed Milligan Ditch. His cattle operation was one of the first large herding operations in Round Valley. When the Amity Ward of the LDS church was created in 1882, Phelps homestead was located therein. On his death in 1892, his property (which included other ranches in Texas and New Mexico) was split between his three children: Bill Phelps, Sarah Dugan Phelps (known as Duge) and Elizabeth Phelps. Duge maintained the family home in Amity Valley, running a large portion of her fathers original herd of 350 cattle.</p><br>
<p>Bill Phelps enlarged his holdings, and his herd, which had grown to over 1000 head of cattle by the time of his death in 1903. When he died at the age of 51, his one-third share of the Amity Valley property was left to Duge, who then controlled two-thirds of the original homestead. In addition, in order to settle the values of the property distribution of their brothers will, Elizabeth, who had received more valuable property in New Mexico, gave the remaining third of the Amity homestead to Duge. Duge was considered very accomplished and liberated for a woman of that time. She has successfully run her own cattle operation for over ten years by the time she re-consolidated her fathers entire homestead. On November 11, 1904, the 40 year-old Duge married the 25 year-old Fred Colter, who had been Bill Phelps straw boss on Phelps&#39; Apache County operation.</p><br>
<p>Colter, by the time he was 21 had created his own brand, the "Cross Bar". With his marriage to Duge in 1904, the homestead became known as the Colter Ranch. He brought an unknown number of his own cattle to the ranch, in addition to taking control of the 1100 head which were in Duges herd, as well as over 800 he also managed for Elizabeth. By 1906 he had increased the herd to over 12,000 animals. Two years later, he had developed four reservoirs in the area: Colter, Mexican Hay Lake, Pool Corral, and Hog Wallow. He had also purchased another 3,500 acres extending the homesteads range, as well as up on the mesa to grow alfalfa feed.</p><br>
<p>It was during this timeframe that he built the large barn on the property, to store approximately 40 tons of alfalfa to use as feed for his livestock during the winter. He also built a bunkhouse for his growing number of ranch hands, as well as a commissary where they could purchase any necessities. The commissary was also open for any residents of the nearby ranches. In May 1913, Colter applied for and was granted a post office to be run out of his homestead, which would serve also the local ranches. Named the Colter Post Office, Duge became its first only postmistress, and remained open until 1922.</p><br>
<p>By the end of the 1910s, the ranch operation had reached its peak, containing over 43,000 acres of deeded land, and leased acreage surpassing 200,000. It was one of the largest cattle operations in northern Arizona, and it was the largest combined cattle operation and irrigated farming venture in the state.</p><br>
<p>After the end of World War I, grain and beef prices fell precipitously. In order to stave off creditors, Colter formed the Northern Arizona Land Company, which issued $450,000 in bonds, using all of the deeded acres as collateral. However, this proved to be only a stopgap measure, and by 1924 creditors began to foreclose on different parcels of property to satisfy the notes. By the early 1930s every piece of land had been foreclosed on. In 1935 the ranch was sold to William A. Spence. The new owner moved the commissary from what is now the intersection of 4th Street and School Bus Road, to its current position. With the wave of mechanized farming taking hold, Spence also constructed the machine shed.</p><br>
<p>Spence sold 1430 acres of the ranch in 1951 to two partners, Victor L. Udall and Gunnar Thude, which included the Colter Ranch. When Udall died later that year, Thude retained about 900 acres, with Udalls heirs taking the other 500, which included the Colter Ranch District. Thude eventually sold his acreage to Louis Johnson and John Wayne, who added additional territory and created the 26 Bar Hereford Ranch. Johnson and Wayne sold the ranch to Tom Chauncey, who currently owns the property. Sam Udall, Victors son, continues to own the 500 acres which include the historic district.</p><br>
<p>Mount Beadell ) is a mountain located in the Gibson Desert region of Western Australia. It is named after surveyor and explorer Len Beadell, builder of the Gunbarrel Highway.</p><br>
<p>The location is very remote being 155km west of Jackie Junction and 295km east of Carnegie Station, the western terminus of the original Gunbarrel Highway.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During survey work for the Gunbarrel Highway in May 1958, Beadell found the mountain which was to bear his name. He was always on the lookout for high points in the landscape, necessary for accurate surveys. Bill Johnson, who had known Beadell since their time in the army together, recommended that the feature be named in Beadell&#39;s honour. The Surveyor General of Western Australia formally approved the name in August 1958. An official survey mark and beacon was erected on the feature in May 1959. On 12 May 1996, exactly one year after the death of Beadell, a memorial was erected on top of the mountain consisting of a replica theodolite and plaque. The ceremony was attended by about 170 people.</p><br>
<p>Iscoed, Ferryside, Carmarthenshire, Wales is a ruined eighteenth century mansion attributed to the architect Anthony Keck. Constructed for Sir William Mansel in 1772, it was purchased by the Napoleonic general Sir Thomas Picton as an incomplete shell in 1812. The house remained the property of the Picton family until the end of the First World War. Used subsequently as council housing, it has been empty since the 1950s, and is now a derelict shell. The house is Grade II listed.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was constructed for Sir William Mansel in 1772. The design is attributed to Anthony Keck, in part because Keck is known to have worked for the Mansel family elsewhere. Following Mansel&#39;s death in 1804, the unfinished shell, and surrounding estate, was bought by General Sir Thomas Picton in 1812. Picton soon regretted the purchase and made plans to sell the house, which were curtailed by his death at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. The house remained the home of the Pictons until the early twentieth century. and was described at the time of listing in 1982 as a "roofless shell." Coflein states that renovation work was to begin at that time, but planning applications for redevelopment were being made in the early twenty-first century.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Pevsner considers Iscoed "one of the most important Georgian mansions of the county." Of three storeys and five bays, the main house is cuboid, with wings extending to each side. The brick construction of the house is unusual for its date and location, Pevsner notes its similarity to Whitson Court, Monmouthshire, another house attributed, at least in part, to Keck. White, Walford Davies and Melangell Dafydd are less complimentary of this feaure, describing the house as; "this bare box of brick."</p><br>
<p>Fredericktown Missouri Pacific Railroad Depot, also known as the Fredericktown Depot, is a historic train station located at Fredericktown, Madison County, Missouri. It was built in 1917 by the St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railway, later Missouri Pacific Railroad. It is a one-story rectangular brick building with a low-pitched red tile hipped roof with Prairie School and Bungalow / American Craftsman style influences. It measures 22 feet by 128 feet, and features widely overhanging eaves supported by large curvilinear brackets and a projecting dispatcher&#39;s bay. In 1917-1918, the new Fredericktown Missouri Pacific Depot took over passenger service, while freight continued to be handled by the original St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Railroad Depot. Passenger service to Fredericktown was discontinued in 1972 and the building subsequently used for commercial enterprises.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Donaldson Site is an archaeological site in Ontario that was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1982. The 3 acre site is the largest within the Saugeen Complex, and is representative of typical habitation and mortuary practices of the Woodland period before the European discovery of the Americas, from about 200 BCE until 700 CE.</p><br>
<p>It suggests that Bruce County and Huron County have been inhabited by Algonquian speakers for millenia. The Donaldson site was used primarily as a "seasonal harvesting station", mainly for fishing.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeology</h2><br>
<p>The site, discovered on the farm of Elmer Donaldson, was first documented by a collector in 1947. Four significant excavations were conducted at the site, by Thomas Lee in the 1940s and again in the 1950s, by James V. Wright in 1960, and by William Finlayson in 1971. Wright and Anderson identified a hillside midden in 1960, which was excavated by Finlayson in 1971.</p><br>
<p>Among the findings by Wright of the site were 13 skeletons, grave artefacts, pottery, and the outlines of two house structures. The study team would return a "representative collection" of the objects discovered to the Bruce County Museum in 1961. The two house outlines were rectanguloid, about 17 by. Radiocarbon dating suggests the site was used from about 200 BCE to 700 CE, with primary occupation occurring early in this period.</p><br>
<p>Artefacts indicate that the Middle Woodland culture at this site used bear bones. At one of the burial mounds, a child&#39;s necklace was discovered having two "ground and perforated bear canines".</p><br>
<h3>Pottery</h3><br>
<p>The pottery uncovered at the Donaldson Site, as well as that at the Thede side, displays the "most outstanding trend" of Saugeen pottery, exhibiting significant stylistic diversity. The diversity was greater than pottery assemblages in the Point Peninsula tradition, according to Wright and Anderson perhaps partly owing to the generally careless application of decorative tools rather than use of a broader set of patterns.</p><br>
<h3>Fishing</h3><br>
<p>Fish remains discovered at the site from the Middle Woodland period include bass, channel catfish, freshwater drum, lake sturgeon, pickerel, walleye, white sucker, and yellow perch. The most important of these was lake sturgeon.</p><br>
<p>It is likely that spearfishing was the primary means of catching fish, as eight harpoon heads (two bone and six toggle-head) were found at the site, and there was a "near absence" of sinkers (two end-notched sinkers, one side-notched sinker, and one copper gorge, a type of primitive fishing hook) indicating that fishing nets were not commonly used. Sinkers and copper hooks were found at the Inverhuron-Lucas site, about 48 km south. According to Finlayson, this suggests that there was spring spearfishing in the Saugeen rapids during spawning season, and in the summer small groups would fish with nets and hooks at shore sites. In particular, it was used in early spring to harvest northern pike, pickerel, and white sucker; in the late spring to harvest smallmouth bass and stone cat; in July to harvest freshwater drum, and possibly as late as November to harvest lake whitefish and lake trout, though the latter interpretation "should be considered tentative". Angling was probably not an important fishing technique at the Donaldson Site.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The site is located on the north shore of the Saugeen River in the valley northeast of Southampton in Bruce County. It is at the "first major rapids upstream" from Lake Huron, on three fluvial terraces, approximately 4 km from the lake.</p><br>
<p>It was a settlement occupied by multiple bands of indigenous peoples, who arrived in the spring to catch the fish that had come to spawn in the river. The corpses of band members who had died elsewhere during the previous year were brought to this site for burial. In addition to the burial mounds, the site contains the remains of middens, post holes, hearth pits, and "identifiable rectangular structures". The hearth pits were located on the upper and middle terraces. The middens contained a significant number of ceramic, stone, metal, and bone artefacts.</p><br>
<h2>National Historic Site</h2><br>
<p>The archaeological site was designated a federal National Historic Site on 12 June 1982, and was listed on the Canadian Register of Historic Places on 27 March 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Braman Camp is a historic private summer property on Inner Road, overlooking Doolittle Lake in Norfolk, Connecticut. The camp consists of a cottage built in 1928 to a design by Alfredo S.G. Taylor. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for its association with Taylor, a prominent Norfolk architect.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Braman Camp stands on the southeastern shore of Doolittle Lake, an exclusive summer retreat area. Inner Road provides access to this and several other private summer properties. The camp&#39;s principal structure is a modest 1-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof. It is set on a sloping lot, with the roof coming within 5 ft of the ground at one corner. Its exterior is clad in rough clapboards with unevenly finished appearance. A large rubblestone chimney dominates one side of the house. French doors open onto a deck facing the lake, with an entry extension to its left. The entrance is in the side of this extension, next to a projecting oriel window.</p><br>
<p>The land on which the camp stands was part of a large landholding of the Benedict family, prominent farmers in northern Norfolk. In the late 19th century this area began to be developed as a summer resort area after the railroad arrived in Norfolk in 1871, and Doolittle Lake was developed as a colony of exclusive private retreats. The Braman camp was built in 1925, to a design by Alfredo S.G. Taylor, a New York City-based architect who summered in Norfolk, and eventually designed a significant number of buildings in the town. Six of Taylor&#39;s designs were for camps on Doolittle Lake, all of which exhibit the rustic elements exhibited by this one.</p><br>
<p>The Martin Roche&ndash;John Tait House is a historic house located at 3614 S. Martin Luther King Drive in the Douglas community area of Chicago, Illinois. The house was the home of architect Martin Roche, half of prominent Chicago architectural firm Holabird & Roche, from 1888 until 1917. Roche designed the house for his sister Bridget Louise and brother-in-law John Tait; as he was unmarried and consequently a key part of their family, Roche moved into a third-floor suite to live with the couple. He gave the house a Romanesque design; the design has similarities with his work at Fort Sheridan at the time, though the Fort Sheridan homes are less plain. The flat, rough-coursed sandstone front facade of the house is a sharp contrast to the surrounding homes, many of which are Queen Anne designs with extensive detail work.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 2000.</p><br>
<p>Mountain Alburi Lam  — Is located in the Kazbekovsky District of Dagestan, bordering Chechnya, to the west of Mount Tsanta, it is a continuation of Salatau ridge. mountain altitude of 2145 meters, not far from it there are villages Almak, Burtunay, Simsir, Majgars, Shircha-Evla and now non-existent villages Alburi-Otar and Haniduk.</p><br>
<p>According to legend, the mountain Alburi Lam was named after its owner Alburi. Tradition says that a hired shepherd grazed cattle belonging Alburi when hired shepherd died. Alburi sent a tombstone in the village Almak, where he was born shepherd - Alburi are from the Chechen (chech. Ӏаккой) teip (clan). He also owned the hamlet Alburi-Otar, which was located south of the village Aukh Shircha-Evla.</p><br>
<p>Due to the fact that residents of nearby villages distilled off their herds on pastures of the mountain, between them and Alburi often had conflicts, after the tragic events, when the Caucasian War sons Alburi Gurash died on the side of Shamil (chech. ГӀураш) and Dzhanbyura (chech. Жанбуьра).</p><br>
<p>It is said that the mother of the two brothers, named Aytugan (chech. АйтугӀа) when standing on them were killed in Aktahs-Akh, did not cry and did not show any sadness, and even showed the joy and fun at the fact that her sons suffered the death of the righteous. She even lamented that one of the sons was missing in some trip and was not with them in order to obtain the death of the righteous, as the brothers got it. Following these events, the mountain was presented to the Imam Shamil Alburi then conflicts over pastures in the mountains no longer occurs, and the mountain itself was named Alburi Lam.</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>On Alburi Lam live mountain goats, wild boar and chamois, sometimes you can meet a bear.</p><br>
<p>The Fairbanks, Morse and Company Building is a historic commercial building located at 900 S. Wabash Ave. in The Loop, Chicago, Illinois. The building served as the national headquarters of Fairbanks, Morse and Company from 1907 to 1937. The company sold a variety of agricultural equipment; while it was originally known for its scales, by 1907 it was best known for producing internal combustion engines. At its peak, the company was one of the largest engine makers in the world, and it was particularly dominant in the diesel engine market. The headquarters building is a seven-story Chicago school building designed by Christian Eckstorm. While the company moved to a larger headquarters at 606 S. Michigan Ave. in 1937, the Wabash Avenue building is the best-preserved remnant of its historic significance and still bears the company&#39;s name above the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 16, 1988.</p><br>
<p>Bridge No. 2305, also known locally as the Burton Brook Bridge, is a historic bridge carrying USA Route 44  over Burton Brook in the Lakeville village of Salisbury, Connecticut. Built in 1873, this masonry arch bridge is a rare surviving example in the state of a typical late-19th century road bridge. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Burton Brook Bridge is located in a residential area to the north of Lakeville&#39;s village center, carrying Main Street, a major east-west route, across Burton Brook between Bostwick and Walton Streets. Burton Brook flows roughly east, and the bridge is thus oriented roughly north-south. It is a single-span masonry structure, with an arch 20 ft long and 29 ft wide. It is fashioned out of locally quarried marble, with its exterior finished in roughly dressed mortared square blocks. Parapets about 2 ft in height flank the roadway, which carries two lanes of traffic. The bridge is flanked on either side by iron-railed pedestrian bridges.</p><br>
<p>According to historic maps of the village, a bridge has stood at or near this site since at least 1811. The bridge was built in 1873-74 for the town by Lorenzo Tupper, a local stonemason. Tupper was also a prominent local businessman who served in a variety of town offices, including on its road commission. The bridge was taken over by the state when the route of US 44 was designated in 1935 by the state. The bridge has survived use on a major roadway in part because it was engineered to withstand heavy loads of iron ore that were transported through the area in the late 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Lareau Farm is a historic farm property at 48 Lareau Road in Waitsfield, Vermont. First developed about 1795 by Simeon Stoddard, one of the town&#39;s early settlers, the farmstead includes both a house and barn dating to that period. Now serving primarily as a bed and breakfast inn, the farm property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lareau Farm consists of 25 acre on the west side of Vermont Route 100, south of Waitsfield Village and just north of the road&#39;s crossing of the Mad River. The farmstead is set near the river, and is accessed via the short Lareau Road. The complex includes a typical New England connected farmstead, which has a main block connected via a series of ells to a horse and carriage barn. North of the house stands a dairy barn, and a modern event pavilion stands to the south. The main block of the house is a 1-1/2 story Cottage style Cape, with a raised half-story. It has corner pilasters and an entablature in the Greek Revival, and was built about 1835.</p><br>
<p>The farm property was first developed about 1795 by Doctor Simeon Stoddard, who arrived in the area in 1794 along with Benjamin Wait, for whom the town is named. Stoddard built the oldest portion of the dairy barn, an English barn form that was rotated and enlarged in 1895. He also built as a house what is now the ell of the main house. The property underwent significant enlargement under the ownership of Pliny Lockwood in 1895; in addition to enlarging the original barn, he also built the horse barn at the north end of the house. The property was purchased Philippe and Fleurette Lareau in 1940. It presently serves as a bed and breakfast.</p><br>
<p>The Ruth Stone House is a historic house at 788 Hathaway Road in Goshen, Vermont. This 19th-century farmhouse was for many years the home of poet Ruth Stone . Since her death, the property has been taken over by the Ruth Stone Foundation, established in 2013 to manage her legacy. The organizations intent is to establish the house as a writers retreat. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Ruth Stone property straddles Hathaway Road, a gravel road in the rural mountain community of Goshen, Vermont. The property is about 3 acre in size, and includes the Stone residence and two smaller guest residences. The main house, a vernacular farmhouse built about 1830, is located on the south side of Hathaway Road, with the informally marked grave of Ruth Stone nearby to the southwest. Across Hathaway Road are two other buildings: the "Little House", apparently an early 19th-century barn converted into residential use, and the "Chapel", a 20th-century vernacular structure built using salvage materials by Stone&#39;s family and friends as a studio and retreat.</p><br>
<p>The property was the principal residence of poet Ruth Stone from 1956 until her death in 2011. Stones work went largely unrecognized until late in her life, when she won two National Book Awards, Guggenheim Fellowships, and was Vermonts poet laureate 2007-11. It was here that she wrote much of her poetry, and worked with budding writers and poets. Of Vermont&#39;s well-known poets (including Robert Frost), it is distinctive as a singular place associated with her life and work.</p><br>
<p>Hareskoven or Hareskovene  is a forested area straddling the boundary between Furesø and Gladsaxe municipalities in the northwestern suburbs of Copenhagen, Denmark. Fægyden, a road between Hareskovby and Værløse, separates Store Hareskov in the west from Lille Hareskov to the west. The forested area has a combined area of c. 808 hectares.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first part of the name (Hare- or Harre-) is derived from the Norse word Hörgr, meaning altar or cult site.</p><br>
<p>Hareskov was severely damaged during the Swedish Wars in the late 1650s. At the end of the war it was concluded that "the forest will only be able to feed 90 pigs". It was therefore protected for the next few years while it recovered.</p><br>
<h2>Ecology</h2><br>
<p>Harskov consists mainly of beech forest with scattered oak, linden and maple trees. Notable solitaire trees include the three ancient oak trees Skrædderen "The Tailor"), Grenaderen and Djævelen /"The Devil"). The latter used to look like a devil&#39;s hand reaching out for the sky. It was partly destroyed in a storm in 1981 but is still alive.</p><br>
<h2>Historic features</h2><br>
<p>Hareskoven contains a total of six dolmens from the Stone Age. The largest one is located close to Sandskredshus at Skovbrynet station.</p><br>
<p>Two examples of earthworks from the Swedish Ears known as Lejrens Indelukke and Svenskervolden can still be seen in the southern part of the forest.</p><br>
<h2>Activities</h2><br>
<p>Hareskoven forest contains a network of bridle paths for horseback riding as well as a trail for mountain biking.</p><br>
<p>The Roderick Bryan House is a historic house at 867 Linkfield Road in Watertown, Connecticut. Built about 1820, it is a well-preserved example of a rural Cape style farmhouse. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Roderick Bryan House stands in a rural area of northeastern Watertown, at tne northeast corner of Linkfield and Bryan Roads. It is a 1-1/2 story Cape style wood frame structure, oriented facing west toward Linkfield Road. It has a gabled roof, central chimney, and clapboarded exterior. The main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance framed by a 1940s Federal Revival surround of sidelights, doubled pilasters, and a peaked entablature with cornice. An ell extends to the rear (east) of the main block, joining the house to a barn. The interior follows a typical central chimney plan, with chambers to either side of the chimney, and a long room across most of the rear. Stairs to the attic are found in one corner. The interior retains many original features, including wainscoting, chair rails, fireplace paneling, and doors.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1820 by Roderick Bryan, on land purchased by is father in 1807. Bryan was a farmer, who apparently also operated a small tavern in the back of the house. The house was sold out of the family in 1910, to the son of a family servant for $1. The house exhibits a number of conservative building practices, notably in the layout, which is typical of mid-18th century Capes, while also adopting period practices such as raising the roof plate to provide additional interior space in the attic level.</p><br>
<p>Zeytintaşı Cave  is a show cave in Antalya Province, southwestern Turkey. It is a registered natural monument of the country.</p><br>
<p>The cave is located at Akbaş village in Serik district of Antalya Province. It is at an elevation of 225 m above main sea level on the slope of a hill. Its distance to Serik town is 16 km and to Antalya city is 54 km. Tourist attraction Aspendos is 10 km far from the cave.</p><br>
<p>The cave is enclosed in impermeable limestone formation of Jurassic-Cretaceous period. It was formed on a distinct fault line in northwest-southeast direction. The cave has two interconnected levels with a depth of 14 m. The lower gallery is 97 m long and the upper gallery is 136 m long. It features still active stalactites, stalagmites and columns. as well as soda straws of 3 cm thickness and 70 cm length. There are pools between columns.</p><br>
<p>The cave was discovered by the Turkish Highway Administration during preliminary works for road construction in 1997. The upper gallery was opened to public visit as a show cave in 2002. The soda straws inside the cave make it a rare example. Zeytintaşı Cave with its surrounding area of 45.895 hectare was registered a natural monument on June 27, 2013.</p><br>
<p>Magnolia Depot is a historic railway station located at 101 E. Railroad Avenue, in Magnolia, Mississippi. The depot was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 and was designated a Mississippi Landmark in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>In 1893, a fire destroyed Magnolia&#39;s railway depot that was constructed in 1856. Between 1893 and 1895, the present structure was built on the same site, next to the Illinois Central Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The depot is a one-story, wood-frame building with a rectangular floor plan. It was designed to accommodate both freight and passengers at the turn of the 20th century, when Magnolia served as a resort destination. The depot has a gable roof design with wide eaves. The track side of the building was designed with irregular placement of sash windows, a bay window, single entrance doors, and freight doors. The opposite side of the building had single entrance doors and sash windows.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration</h2><br>
<p>By 1982, the building was used as an antique store and no longer served as a railway station. During the first decade of the 21st century, the City of Magnolia acquired the property for use as a city hall. Because of the structure&#39;s age and deterioration of the foundation, complete exterior restoration was required, but the original windows and siding were retained for historical integrity. New exterior doors were installed, and the freight doors were removed and were replaced with windows. For the interior, original doors, wood flooring, and beadboard walls were retained and restored. Renovation also included new plumbing and electrical wiring.</p><br>
<p>Grants for restoration were provided by Mississippi Department of Archives and History and the Mississippi Department of Transportation. Restoration was completed in 2011. The structure serves as Magnolia&#39;s City Hall.</p><br>
<p>The Burlington–Harmony Hill Roads Historic District encompasses a historic rural agricultural crossroads village in eastern Harwinton, Connecticut. Stretching mainly along Harmony Hill Road north of its junction with Burlington Road, it includes residential buildings dating from the mid-18th to late 19th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Harwinton was established in 1737 from land formerly part of Hartford and Windsor. Burlington Road, now Connecticut Route 4, was then as now the main road between Farmington and Litchfield. The junction with Harmony Hill Road and Locust Road, east of the village center, formed as a small community center known as Catlin&#39;s Corners, named for Abraham Catlin, the first settler to the area who also operated a small shop. Instead of dispersed farmsteads, the area grew with houses stretched along Harmony Hill Road north of the junction, with six houses built before the turn of the 19th century, and a school was added at the northeast corner of the junction in the late 18th century.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is linear, extending from a farmstead on the east side of Locust Street a short way south of the main intersection to a group of three 18th-century houses on the west side of Harmony Hill Road north of the junction. The districts properties are well spaced, and a range in sizes up to 20 acre. The district as a whole is 103 acre in size. Houses are typically 2-1/2 stories in height, and of wood frame construction. The oldest is that of Jonathan Brace, built about 1730; other houses included two that have been converted from 19th-century barns, and one that was adapted from the 18th-century school building in the 19th century. Two 18th-century houses built by Abraham Catlins son Abijah define the main intersection.</p><br>
<p>Mount Erciyes , also known as Argaeus, is a volcano in Turkey. It is a large stratovolcano that is surrounded by many monogenetic vents and lava domes, and one maar. The bulk of the volcano is formed by lava flows of andesitic and dacitic composition. At some time in the past, part of the summit collapsed towards the east.</p><br>
<p>The volcano began to form in the Miocene. At first, a volcano farther east named formed from lava flows. Then, again to the east, large explosive eruptions formed a caldera. During the Pleistocene, Erciyes proper grew inside the caldera together with a group of lava domes. Lateral eruptions of Erciyes may have generated ash layers in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean during the early Holocene.</p><br>
<p>The last eruptions occurred during the early Holocene and may have deposited ash as far away as Palestine; the occurrence of historical volcanism is uncertain. Future eruptions of Erciyes may endanger cities in the north.</p><br>
<p>The volcano was glaciated during the Pleistocene, and one regular glacier still exists today, but is receding.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>Erciyes was historically known as Argaeus, a name derived from the king of Macedon Argaeus I (678640BC). Until the 1950s, the name of the volcano was "Erciyas". An alternative theory posits that the name of the mountain in Hittite meant "white mountain" and that the current name also means "white mountain".</p><br>
<h2>Geology and geomorphology</h2><br>
<p>Erciyes lies in the Kayseri Province. The city of Kayseri lies 15 km, 25 km, or 20 km north of Erciyes volcano. Other towns in the region are Talas and Hacilar, also north of Erciyes but closer to the volcano (19 km and 12 km, respectively), and Develi, located south of the volcano. Reaching the summit requires mountaineering skills. Supposedly, climbers in antiquity reported that both the Black Sea and the Mediterranean could be seen from the summit.</p><br>
<h3>Regional</h3><br>
<p>Erciyes Dagi and Hasan Dagi are both large stratovolcanoes that lie in Central Anatolia, on the Turkish microplate. This microplate is part of the collision zone between the Eurasian Plate, the African Plate, and the Arabian Plate that forms the Alpide Belt. This convergence commenced in the Miocene and formed the Anatolian block. Two oceans that existed between these three plates in the Eocene were subducted. During the late Miocene, the Neo-Tethys ocean disappeared, and Africa and Eurasia collided. Later, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Suez separated the Arabian Plate from the African Plate, causing the former to collide with Eurasia and forming the Bitlis–Zagros Belt. The Anatolian block was pushed westward between the North Anatolian and East Anatolian faults, a movement that is still underway today.</p><br>
<p>In central Anatolia, volcanism commenced in the Miocene. After an effusive phase and the eruption of large ignimbrite sheets, stratovolcanoes, including Erciyes Dagi and Hasan Dagi on the one hand and monogenetic volcanoes and maars on the other hand, developed. The tectonic environment has been compared with the Basin and Range Province. The Central Anatolian Volcanic Province, of which Erciyes is a part, covers a surface area of 32,500 km&sup2;. The Cappadocian volcanic plateau comprises ignimbrites that are up to 2 km thick. The youngest K–Ar dates obtained on these centres are 60,000 ± 20,000 years ago for the Kizirtepe monogenetic centres and 20,000 ± 10,000 for Hasan. Volcanic activity in the Acıgöl-Nevşehir system has been dated at 15,500 ± 2,500 years ago based on fission track dating.</p><br>
<p>Major faults such as the North Anatolian Fault, which were generated by the convergence, are also active. Some of these faults form the edges of the Erciyes pull-apart basin, a tectonic depression up to 1.2 km deep that is split by this volcano into the and basins, both of which nevertheless are part of the same system. These margin faults have been the source of earthquakes during historical times, resulting in damage to cities in the region, and ongoing extension of this crustal domain is the probable reason for volcanism at Erciyes.</p><br>
<h3>Local</h3><br>
<p>Erciyes Dagi is large stratovolcano, reaching a height of 3,864 m, 3,918 m or 3,917 m, making it the highest mountain and most voluminous volcano of Central Anatolia. It rises about 900 m above the basin and 2,842 m above the floor of the Erciyes pull-apart basin.</p><br>
<p>The volcano covers a surface area of 1,300 km&sup2; or 3,300 km&sup2;. It developed over a broad shield, and dacitic domes and flows form the bulk of the volcano&#39;s exposed units, including the summit area, where several lava flows have been identified. Lava flows of Erciyes extend both from the summit and from lateral vents. A debris avalanche extending east-northeast from Erciyes was formed by the collapse of the summit, creating a 2 km wide horseshoe-shaped scar that forms the upper segment of the valley. The debris avalanche deposit reaches a distance of 7 km from the summit and has a hummocky appearance. The volcano overall has an eroded appearance.</p><br>
<p>Two major valleys extend to the summit, the northwesterly Aksu Valley and the easterly valley. The minor valleys of lie north, south, and southwest of the summit. The Aksu valley contains sizable moraines left by the Pleistocene glaciation that are up to 60 m high and 60 – wide. A glacial outwash plain formed at the valley foot and was partly buried by lavas. Streams are not common on the slopes of Erciyes, probably due to the unfavourable lithology.</p><br>
<p>Andesite and basaltic andesites are exposed on the western, southern, and eastern sides of the volcano; on the eastern side they form the centre with a height of 2,628 m. This centre is mostly formed by lava flows. On the western side, andesitic lava flows reach the basin. The huge middle Pleistocene Aliboran lava flow descended the western slopes and blocked the Incesu valley, forming Aliboran Lake in the basin. The lake was fed by glacial meltwater from Erciyes and later overflowed the lava flow at several sites, the most important of which is. This overflow was not continuous; phases of lower lake levels caused it to dry up. Today, the basin contains wetlands that are protected under the Ramsar Convention and a major nesting site for migratory birds.</p><br>
<p>Endogenous domes extend from Erciyes, and 184, 210, or 64 individual centres dot its flanks. The domes have diameters of 1 –, and formed along radial dykes. A number of such domes and centres formed on the rim of the 14 by wide caldera in which Erciyes sits. This caldera may originally have had a volume of 110 km3. Clockwise from north, these volcanic centres are, Kızıl Tepe,, ,, , and. About half of these centres are at distances of about 10 km from Erciyes, and most of them can be found on the northern slopes. Of these centres, 1,200 m wide and 100 m deep lies 20 km northwest of Erciyes. (Maars are small volcanoes formed by phreatomagmatic activity that excavates country rock.) It formed within Quaternary andesite lava flows; its formation was probably favoured by a shallow aquifer and was accompanied by strong phreatomagmatic explosions. The formation of this maar was accompanied by the release of tephra, which reached a distance of 3.5 km. Additional basaltic vents are,, and.</p><br>
<p>From the more recent volcanic phases, and lava domes lie on the southern and northern slope of Erciyes, respectively. Both domes are formed of rhyodacite and accompanied by pyroclastic deposits. covers a surface area of 11.7 km&sup2; and reaches a height of 2,760 m. The blocky dome flowed down the slopes southwards over 5 km. on the north-northwestern flank stratigraphically belongs to the same unit as. This dome flowed for a distance of about 5 km.</p><br>
<p>The volcano lies in a tectonic depression. It is cut by the fault, which together with the Tuz Gölü fault border this basin. Other faults converge on the volcano or pass through its outer slopes. Aeromagnetic investigation of the region has evidenced the existence of a magnetic anomaly associated with Erciyes, which is probably caused by the volcanism.</p><br>
<p>Kayseri.jpg</p><br>
<p>Erciyes - panoramio.jpg</p><br>
<p>Erciyes Dagi.jpg</p><br>
<p>Develiden Erciyes.jpg</p><br>
<p>Turkey.Mount Erciyes01.jpg</p><br>
<h3>Petrology</h3><br>
<p>Erciyes Dagi has erupted basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyodacite, and rhyolite. The rocks are chiefly andesite with smaller amounts of dacite; dacites appear to dominate in the summit region, however. The volcano is dominated by calc-alkaline rocks; one basalt with tholeiitic to intermediary affinity was erupted 1.7million years ago; volcanic activity at first was tholeiitic and later became calc-alkaline. Monogenetic volcanoes in the region also erupted basalt, but this basalt is clearly different from the Erciyes basalt.</p><br>
<p>Minerals contained in Erciyes rocks include clinopyroxene, ilmenite, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and titanomagnetite. Samples taken from the summit also contain amphibole, apatite, biotite, feldspar, quartz, and zircon. The mineral was first described from samples obtained on Mount Erciyes, and its chemical formula is ·.</p><br>
<p>The dacites taken from the summit display a noticeable variability in their composition and texture, with their temperatures at formation varying between 734 –.</p><br>
<p>The andesites and dacites may have formed from basaltic magma by fractional crystallization involving amphibole, based on elemental composition data. Further, crustal materials were included into the magma. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline magmas have different elemental compositions and probably formed from separate sources; tholeiitic magmas may have formed from partial melting of the mantle, while the calc-alkaline magmas formed from crustal assimilation in these magmas. Overall, the magma originated in the asthenospheric mantle; lithospheric components may have contributed, however.</p><br>
<p>Volcanism appears to be associated with crustal extension at Erciyes. Mantle metasomatism from a subducting slab, on the other hand, may or may not have played a major role, and the slab itself did not reach down below Central Anatolia, meaning that subduction probably is not responsible for Central Anatolian volcanism.</p><br>
<h2>Climate and biology</h2><br>
<p>The climate of the region is influenced by topography, with the Taurus and Kaçkar Mountains blocking the entry of moisture into Anatolia. Summers are dry and hot and winters wet and cold; in Kayseri, summer temperatures are about 19 &deg;C and winter temperature about 0 &deg;C. Precipitation at Kayseri falls mostly in autumn, winter, and spring and amounts to 383 mm per year. In Develi, south of Erciyes, maximum temperatures are about 29.5 &deg;C and minimum temperatures -5.6 &deg;C. Estimated temperatures at 2,700 m altitude are about -0.4 &deg;C, and precipitation 722 mm per year. Overall, the mountain displays a continental climate.</p><br>
<p>Four vegetation belts surround the mountain: a boreal belt, a subalpine, an alpine, and a subnival belt. Up until 1,000 – altitude steppe vegetation dominates. Farther up, between 1,100 –, forests of Juniperus, Populus tremula and Quercus prevail where the environment has not been modified by human activity. Farther up, mountain pastures exist. Species found in the vegetation belts are different from these found in the equivalent areas of Western European mountains.</p><br>
<p>Erciyes is a major floral region of Turkey, with much biological diversity of plants. A number of endemic plant species have been identified, including Astragalus argaeus, Astragalus stenosemioides, Asyneuma trichostegium, Bellardiochloa argaea, Dianthus crinitus argaeus, Festuca cratericola, Festuca woronowii argaea, Hieracium argaeum, Onobrychis argaea, and Vicia canescens argaea. Strabo claimed that, in antiquity, the volcano was forested. A number of endemic and relic animal species can also be found at Erciyes, as well as a rich lichen flora. Grazing, settlements, and tourism have altered the natural vegetation of the mountain, but differences exist between the various areas of Erciyes.</p><br>
<h2>Glaciation</h2><br>
<p>The volcano was glaciated during the Pleistocene, when about three stages of glaciation occurred. Aretes, cirques, horns, and moraines from these glaciations can be found on the volcano, with each of the five valleys that extend from the summit hosting glaciers. In the Aksu valley, these extended down to an altitude of 2,150 m. The snowline was 950 m lower during the last glacial maximum, probably due to a wetter climate. Chlorine-36 dating has yielded ages corresponding to the last glacial maximum and late glacial for the principal moraines in Aksu valley. A late Holocene glacial advance extended down to 3,850 m; dating of these moraines has yielded ages of 1,200 ± 300 years ago. In the valley, the lowermost moraines are found at an altitude of 2,200 m, with the late Holocene advance forming moraines at an altitude of 3,250 m. The maximum extent of glaciers on Erciyes occurred 21,300 ± 900 years ago, when glaciers reached lengths of 6 km. 20,700 ± 2,200 and 20,400 ± 1,800 years ago deglaciation occurred in the two catchments. Smaller advances and retreats occurred 14,600 ± 1,200 and 9,300 ± 1,500 years ago. The glaciers expanded last 3,800 ± 400 years ago. Later glacial advances mostly correspond to these estimated for other Mediterranean glaciers. Meltwater from these glaciers nourished a lake in the basin.</p><br>
<p>During antiquity, the summit was always covered with snow. Glacial ice is still found on the northwestern slope of Erciyes, in the Aksu Valley at altitudes of 2,900 –. It has a volume of about 1,000,000 m&sup3; at a minimum. A report from 1905 says that the glacier was 700 m long. In 2009 the glacier was 260 m long, and it is actively retreating; assuming that the pace of retreat does not change, it will be gone by 2070. This is the westernmost glacier in Turkey today; other glaciers are found in the Kaçkar Mountains at the Black Sea, Mount Cilo in southeastern Turkey, and on Ararat. The valley hosts a rock glacier with a surface area of 1 km&sup2;.</p><br>
<p>A ski centre, Erciyes Ski Resort, exists on Erciyes. The resort lies at an altitude of 2,200 m at the valley.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive history</h2><br>
<p>A number of potassium–argon dates have been obtained for Erciyes Dagi, ranging from 2.59 ± 0.1 million years ago to 80,000 ± 10,000 years ago. Some stratigraphic units from Erciyes have been dated. Early volcanic activity occurred at the same time as the initial formation of the Erciyes basin.</p><br>
<p>The oldest volcanic activity at Erciyes is known as, which forms the eastern slope of Erciyes. This complex erupted pyroxene andesite, 15 km long lava flows from cone and 0.2 km3 dense rock equivalent of fall deposits and scoria from Kızıl Tepe. One date obtained on is 4.39 ± 0.28 million years ago. Overall, was active between 4.4 and 2.9 million years ago.</p><br>
<p>Caldera-forming activity occurred in several eruption phases, accompanied by pumice flows and ash fall. A first phase of activity formed Plinian deposits that reach thicknesses of 22 m as far as 21 km from the volcano, covering at least 3,000 km of surface. At least fifteen individual layers have been found. A second phase of activity formed pumice flows east-northeast of, covering 2,100 km&sup2; to a thickness of 8 m.</p><br>
<p>One of the famous Cappadocian ignimbrites that extend over eastern Cappadocia, the Valibaba Tepe ignimbrite, was linked to Erciyes volcano. This eruption 2.8million years ago has a total volume of 52 km3 and was preceded by a smaller Plinian eruption that covered a surface of 1,500 km&sup2; with pumice falls. The Valibaba Tepe ignimbrite extends east of the Erciyes volcano; it originated there and filled in the previous topography. Its total volume has been estimated at 146 km3, and it contains a large proportion of fiammes. Changes in magma composition from the first phase of caldera-forming activity to the Valibaba Tepe pumice may reflect the emptying of a magma chamber with vertical composition gradient. The Valibaba Tepe ignimbrite was considered part of the famous Cappadocian ignimbrites, but is distinct from them insofar as the other ones (with the possible exception of the Taspinar-Dikmen ignimbrites of Hasan Dagi) are not associated with stratovolcanoes.</p><br>
<p>Erciyes volcano proper started developing 900,000 years ago. It was formed during two phases, starting with a basaltic andesite lava flow on the southern slope 1.7million years ago. It was followed by the andesitic lava flows on the western flank and then by many of the dacitic lava domes. Another phase of basaltic andesite activity followed, reaching lengths of 15 km. Effusive activity ended with small lava flows of varying composition.</p><br>
<p>The next phase of activity was explosive, with eruptions at the summit of Ercyies generating block-and-ash flows, pumice flows, and lava domes that formed blocks of 1.5 – in diameter. The deposits of this activity are found north and south of the summit of Ercyies and reach thicknesses of 18 m. is not precisely dated, but probably formed less than 100,000 years ago. The last dacitic eruption occurred 80,000 ± 10,000 years ago at. Activity in the summit region probably ended before the Holocene.</p><br>
<p>Before extrusion of, a Plinian fall deposit with base surges and pumice flows covered a surface of 800 km&sup2; at a minimum. This was followed by a phreatomagmatic phase that deposited material up to 3 m thick, followed by another Plinian phase. The eruption was the strongest of the three lava dome forming eruptions and formed an eruption column 25 km high. This eruption at first formed a tuff ring, within which the lava dome was emplaced. Lava flows extend to lengths of 5 km. The dome and flow have a total volume of 0.82 km3. was extruded later on the northern flank. Another explosive phase, this time dominated by 20 km long pumice flows that contain charcoal followed and generated the lava dome.</p><br>
<p>A 1 mm thick ash layer found in a drilling core off the coast of Israel (32&deg;44&prime;52&Prime;N latitude, 34&deg;39&prime;02&Prime;E longitude) was dated at 8,365 ± 65 years ago in uncalibrated radiocarbon years. It appears to be linked to one of these three eruptions on the basis of its composition, most likely the eruption, over 600 km away from the drilling core. A tephra layer named Tyam-1, found in in Lebanon and dated at 8,600 ± 850 years before present, is probably equivalent to this ash layer. Likewise, a thin tephra layer in the Sodmein Cave of the Red Sea Mountains, 1,300 km south of Erciyes, has been linked to the eruption. Other tephras identified in the Levantine Sea and erupted between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago may also come from Erciyes. The eruptions that formed all these layers probably had profound effects on the affected Mediterranean cultures. Another tephra layer found in the Black Sea appears to come from either the or the eruptions. The tephra from these eruptions thus was probably spread northeastward, in contrast to the eruption, which spread tephra southeastward and thus is not found in the Black Sea.</p><br>
<p>The last event was the collapse of the eastern flank of Ercyies. This collapse was probably triggered by an earthquake, considering that no evidence for a concomitant eruption exists. Considering the ages of the oldest moraines contained within the collapse scar, it probably happened over 25,000 years ago.</p><br>
<p>The occurrence of volcanic activity in historical times is not clear; Strabo (63 BC–21 AD) and Claudius Claudianus (370–410 AD) report volcanic activity, and Roman coins found in Cappadocia show the mountain smoking, but these reports may instead refer to swamp gas release in the basin. If volcanic activity occurred during historical times, it probably occurred on a parasitic vent, as the principal cone is heavily eroded.</p><br>
<h2>Threats and human interaction</h2><br>
<p>Erciyes Dagi volcano has manifested explosive eruptions preceding the formation of lava domes. Such eruptions may endanger the cities of Kayseri, Hacilar, and Talas. Melting of the remnant ice on the volcano may generate dangerous lahars; in 1985 an eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia claimed 20,000 fatalities after such a mudflow. Even without an eruption, strong rainfall could form mudflows on the densely populated steep slopes of the volcano.</p><br>
<p>About five hotels exist at the mountain, which is a major winter sports site. In 2010, 324,221 tourists visited the mountain and Kayseri, most of them domestic tourists.</p><br>
<h2>Discoveries and locations named after Erciyes</h2><br>
<p>Mount Argaeus on the Moon was named after Argaeus, the old name for Erciyes.</p><br>
<p>The plant Silene erciyesdaghensis was discovered on Erciyes and named after it.</p><br>
<p>Kickelhahn is a mountain in the northern edge of the Central Thuringian Forest in the municipal area of Ilmenau, Germany. Its summit has an altitude of 861.1 m a.s.l.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Kickelhahn is the highest point in the municipal area of Ilmenau and is situated about 3.3 km southwest of the town centre, 2 km from Manebach and 4 km from Stützerbach. Its summit rises about 400 m above the valley of Ilm river. Historically, it was also the highest point of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach.</p><br>
<p>Its massif extends over about 4 km in the north-south direction and 3 km in the east-west direction. It is situated between the valleys of the rivers Ilm in the west and the north, Gabelbach in the east and Langebach in the south, so that the mountain is part of the Ilm catchment area. Some minor streams have their sources on Kickelhahn. An about 750 m high saddle in the southeast between the sources of Gabelbach and Langebach forms a pass between Kickelhahn and neighbouring Hohe Tanne (850 m a.s.l.). Secondary summits in the Kickelhahn massif include Hohe Schlaufe (735 m), Gabelbachskopf (704 m), and Dachskopf (686 m). Großer Hermannstein and Kleiner Hermannstein are notable rock formations northwest of the summit.</p><br>
<p>The mountain is completely wooded, with trees on the summit being shaped by the wind. The forest is dominated by spruce monocultures and is property of Ilmenau town. Storms like Kyrill have repeatedly caused major damage to the forest.</p><br>
<p>Geologically, Kickelhahn consists mostly of porphyric igneous rocks. Coal has been mined on its western flank in Manebach episodically from 1732 until 1945.</p><br>
<h2>History and cultural significance</h2><br>
<p>Until the 18th century the mountain, together with the parts of Manebach on the right bank of Ilm river, was called Cammerberg. Its current name which translates roughly into "crowing rooster" is probably derived from a vernacular name for the wood grouse which was native to the region, making the area a pupular hunting ground of the Weimar court. According to another theory the name is a pun on the former lords of the area, the counts of Henneberg, whose coat of arms shows a chicken.</p><br>
<p>The mountain became well known through Johann Wolfgang Goethe who visited the area first in 1776 when he – as minister of the mines – inspected the coal mines of Manebach on the western slope. On 7 May 1776 he visited Großer Hermannstein for the first time and returned several times until his last visit there on 29 August 1813. This location may have inspired him to a passage in Faust, Part One, lines 3228 to 3234. In 1776 he also sketched a view from Kickelhahn across the "brumous valleys" of the Thuringian Forest for Charlotte von Stein.</p><br>
<p>Goethe visited Ilmenau 28 times, and between 1780 and 1831 he walked several times to Kickelhahn, often accompanying Duke Karl August. In a hunters cabin, later named Goethehäuschen ("Goethes cabin"), he wrote his poem Wanderer&#39;s Nightsong on the wall of the building in the night from 6 to 7 September 1783. He last visited the mountain and the cabin in 1831 together with geologist Johann Christian Mahr and wrote in a letter to the composer Carl Friedrich Zelter about it.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>When Ilmenau developed into a health resort in the 1830s, an observation tower was seen as worthwhile, buth the town was not able to finance such a project at the time. In 1852 an observation tower was built on nearby Schneekopf in Saxe-Gotha. When Grand Duke Carl Friedrich and Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach visited Ilmenau in the autumn of that year, they also desired a similar tower to be erected on Kickelhahn. Maria Pavlovna donated 1000 Thaler towards the construction which was to be supervides by the town council. The foundation stone was laid on 8 May 1854, stone for the rubble masonry was quarried nearby, while the sandstone for the ornaments originated in Martinroda. The tower was finished at a total cost of 2200 Thaler and opened on 12 May 1855. It was named Marienturm after the benefactress. 107 steps lead to the observation platform 21 m above ground. After the Schneekopf tower was demolished following World War II, the Kickelhahn tower is the oldest remaining observation tower in the Thuringian Forest. A restaurant is situated nearby.</p><br>
<p>South of the tower and the restaurant stand a transmitter tower and a building of Deutsche Telekom. The transmitter site was established in the early 1960s as part of the internal radio network of the SED. In 1984 the site passed to Deutsche Post and was used for broadcast transmissions. It passed to Deutsche Telekom in 1990 and serves now for mobile telephony. The broadcast transmitter was shut down on 28 January 2015.</p><br>
<p>The historic cabin Goethehäuschen is located north of the summit. It was originally built under Duke Carl August in 1783 as an accommodation for hunting parties. The cabin burned down on 12 August 1870 due to carelessness of some berry pickers who had spent the night there. It was rebuilt in 1874. The poem can now be read in 15 languages on the inner walls of the building.</p><br>
<p>Ruins of a small hunting lodge, likely built under Duke Ernst August I have been excavated since 2004. From its basement, sheltered trenches led to hides where the hunters could lay in wait for the game.</p><br>
<p>Berghotel Gabelbach is located south of the summit at an altitutde of about 700 m. It was built as a health resort and opened in 1912. The Dutch prime minister Hendrikus Colijn was interned there from 1942 until his death in 1944. He is commemorated by a memorial stone. After World War II it was used as a recreation home by the Central Committee of the SED and for the accommodation of foreign dignitaries and was not accessible to the general public until 1990 when it was bought by an investor from Nuremberg. After changing hands in 1998 and 2011, it was reconstructed in 2013/2014.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Kickelhahn can be reached by several hiking paths, among them the Goethewanderweg Ilmenau–Stützerbach, marked by a handwritten "G", and the long distance hiking path, marked by a blue bar in a white square. The restaurant opens daily, the observation tower is accessible free of charge. The mountain hotel Gabelbach south of the summit offers 90 rooms.</p><br>
<p>The area is also used for sports, with runners and mountain bikers dominating in the summer, and cross-country skiing in the winter. Sledding is popular on the descent towards Ilmenau, the run with an altitude difference of more than 350 m takes about 15 minutes. Regular competitions are the Kickelhahn mountain race for runners, a mountain time trial for cyclists, and the beer crate race (Bierathlon) of TU Ilmenau.</p><br>
<p>The George Washington Noyes House is a historic house at 2 Prospect Terrace in Gorham, New Hampshire. Completed in 1893, it is a prominent local example of Queen Anne architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The George Washington Noyes House is located on a rise known as Soldier&#39;s Hill overlooking the Androscoggin River, northeast of the Gorham town common, on the north side of Prospect Terrace, a short spur road providing access to this house and to two other period houses. The house is 2-1/2 stories in height, with a complex cross-gabled roof configuration and an exterior clad in a combination of wooden clapboards and decoratively cut shingles. It has the asymmetrical look of a typical Queen Anne Victorian, with varying projecting sections and dormers. An octagonal turret occupies the buildings southwest corner, rising three stories to a truncated octagonal roof with an iron crest railing at the top. A single-story porch wraps across the front and around part of the right side, with turned posts and balusters, and a spindled valance. The interior retains numerous period features, including woodwork and stained glass windows.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1891-93, after a fire devastated that part of Gorham in 1879. It was built for George Washington Noyes, a worker on the Grand Trunk Railroad. Noyes initially worked on the railroad as a laborer, and rose to become one of its master mechanics. The house is one of three (all still standing) built on Soldier&#39;s Hill after the fire, and includes a well-preserved carriage barn with original hardware and finishes.</p><br>
<p>The Moses Camp House is a historic house at 682 Main Street in the Winsted area of Winchester, Connecticut. Probably built about 1840 for one of the region&#39;s major merchants, it is a high quality example of Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984; it now houses professional offices.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The house stands on the east side of Main Street (United States Route 44) opposite its junction with Lake Street (Connecticut Route 263). It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a hip roof, clapboarded exterior, and granite foundation. Its main facade faces west, and is five bays wide. The main entrance is at the center, sheltered by a flat-roof portico with smooth Doric columns. The building corners have paneled pilasters, which rise to an entablature, above which are a band of small rectangular window at the attic level. The interior has a number of high-quality Greek Revival features, including fine woodwork in the central hallway. A number of features have been lost over time; historic photos of the house show it with a balustrade encircling the roof, and a widow&#39;s walk at the roof center.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of the house is somewhat uncertain. A house was built on this land in 1825 by Lucius Clarke, which was purchased by Moses Camp in 1840. It is unclear if the present house is a significant alteration to Clarkes house, or a new construction. Its stylistic features are consistent with an 1840 construction date, but it is also unique within the town as a Greek Revival house with a five-bay facade, an older feature. The house is framed with hand-hewn timbers. Moses Camp was a major economic force in the region, part-owning (along with two brothers) and operating one of the largest merchant business in Litchfield County. The Camps also built the Camp Block, Winsteds first brick commercial building (burned in 1889), and Moses Camp served as a bank president and in the state legislature. The house also had a prominent owner in the 20th century: C. Wensley Winslow served for as Winchester town clerk for more than 40 years.</p><br>
<p>The J. Howard Catlin House was a historic house at 14 Knife Shop Road in Litchfield, Connecticut. Built about 1879, it was a distinctive vernacular example of Carpenter Gothic architecture. It was built for J. Howard Catlin, one of the owners of the Northfield Knife Company, whose plant was located just to the east. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The J. Howard Catlin House stood in the village of Northfield in southeastern Litchfield. It stood on the north side of Knife Shop Road, a few hundred feet east of Connecticut Route 254, where the Northfield Fire Station now stands. It was a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with an unusual L-shaped plan. It was basically a north-south rectangle with a gabled roof that had an east-facing cross gable, and a wing projecting the west. Its exterior was clad in wooden clapboards, and it rested on a granite foundation. Its exterior had a number of distinctive Gothic features, including porch railings with balusters in a Gothic-arch pattern, and narrow pointed windows in the attic levels of the gables.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1879. Its builder was described by architectural historian David Ransom as likely an "ingenious but untrained amateur", owing to awkward aspects of its floorplan, and the unusual nature of some of its interior and exterior decorative elements. J. Howard Catlin, for whom it was built, had purchased the adjacent Northfield Knife Company in 1858 with his brother Franklin. The company became one of the nations leading manufacturers of knives, its wares displayed at various world fairs between 1876 and 1901. The Catlins sold the company in 1919. Catlins daughter married Albert Turner, the first secretary of the Connecticut Park and Forest Commission. She bequested the house to the state upon her death in 1941. It was later demolished, and the present Northfield Fire Station was built on its site in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Hog Hammock is an African-American community on Sapelo Island, a barrier island of the USA state of Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The community of Hog Hammock, also known as Hogg Hummock, includes homes, a general store, bar, public library, and other small businesses including vacation rentals. There are two active church congregations in Hog Hammock: St. Luke Baptist Church, founded in 1885, and First African Baptist Church, established in 1866. The latter congregation has an older building known as First African Baptist Church at Raccoon Bluff, constructed in 1900 in the former Raccoon Bluff community north of Hog Hammock. It is used for special services and programs.</p><br>
<p>Many of the full-time inhabitants of the Hog Hammock Community are African Americans known as Gullah-Geechees, descendants of enslaved West African people brought to the island in the 1700s and 1800s to work on island plantations. The current population of full-time Gullah-Geechee residents in the community is estimated to be 47 (2009). The residents must bring all supplies from the mainland or purchase them in the small store on the island. The children of Hog Hammock take the ferry to the mainland and then take a bus to school, as the island school closed in 1978.</p><br>
<p>Hog Hammock is also home to the, a non-profit organization whose mission is to preserve and revitalize the Community. SICARS was founded in 1993 by Hogg Hummock residents and non-resident descendants who wanted to enhance the future of their community by educating all visitors to the island about the history and to increase awareness that Sapelo has existed as an African community for over 200 years. SICARS was incorporated in 1994, has over 600 members, and continues to grow each year. The organization hosts a Cultural Day festival every third Saturday in October.</p><br>
<p>The entire 427 acre area of the community was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 as Hog Hammock Historic District. In 1996 it included 59 contributing buildings, 16 contributing structures, and five contributing sites as well as 47 non-contributing buildings such as trailer homes.</p><br>
<p>Its principal historic resources are about 50 one-story historic homes that are all small and simple vernacular buildings, most covered with weatherboard and some by board and batten or other siding.</p><br>
<p>In the 1990s, mainlanders began acquiring parcels of land from the Gullahs to construct vacation homes. In 2012, McIntosh County property tax appraisers notified Hog Hammock residents of huge property tax increases, even though there was no longer a school on the island. One Hog Hammock property owners annual tax bill soared from $600 to $2,100. In 2013, a fight over the sudden tax hikes was well underway, with some residents claiming they would be driven from land they had owned for many generations for the benefit of mainlanders who would acquire more of Hog Hammocks homes.</p><br>
<p>Sapelo Island is a coastal barrier island near the port of Darien, Georgia about 100 mi south of Savannah.</p><br>
<p>The Minnesota and International Railway Trestle at Blackduck in Beltrami County, Minnesota was the longest timber trestle in the state. It was built in 1901 and 1902 by the Minnesota and International Railway, a subsidiary of the Northern Pacific Railroad, on a line between Koochiching  and Bemidji, Minnesota, where it met a branch line of the parent railroad running north from Brainerd. The bridge carried the railroad over Coburn Creek and a difficult marsh in Blackduck and was noted for its considerable length and intact substructure when it was added to the National Register of Historic Places 2014.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was a low structure 701 ft long. After the railroad was abandoned the trestle became part of the Blue Ox Trail, a recreational trail used by hikers and snowmobilers. More than one-third of it was burned by arson in April 2015. Efforts have been made to raise funds to rebuild the destroyed portion of the bridge.</p><br>
<p>The River Lerryn is a river in east Cornwall, England, UK, a tributary of the River Fowey. The Lerryn is the largest of the tributaries which enter the estuary of the Fowey. The river is tidal up to the village of Lerryn. The landscape of the Lerryn catchment is rural and includes heathland, moorland and rough pasture in the upper reaches and broadleaf, coniferous and mixed plantation woodland in the lower. This catchment includes four SSSIs, including Redlake Meadows & Hoggs Moor. The Lerryn rises at Fairy Cross  on the southern slopes of Bodmin Moor and flows south-southwest until it enters the Fowey estuary .</p><br>
<p>The name of the river is Cornish; the earliest record of it is as "Leryan" and "Lerion" in 1289. In modern Cornish its name would be Dowr Leryon, meaning "river of floods". The village of Lerryn is named after the river.</p><br>
<h2>Footnotes</h2><br>
<p>The Philip Chapin House is a historic house at 1 Church Street in the Pine Meadow village of New Hartford, Connecticut. Built in 1867 for a local factory owner, it is an elaborate example of Italianate architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Philip Chapin House stands in the village of Pine Meadow, on the west side of Church Street facing Chapin Park, a triangular common bounded by Church Street and Main Street (United States Route 44). It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a truncated hip roof topped by a large rectangular belvidere. Its exterior is clad in wooden clapboards, and is elaborately decorated in the Italianate style. The roof has a deep eave supported by brackets with pendants, with a band of decorative moulded woodwork at the roof edge. Windows on the second floor are mostly set as pairs of segmented-arch sash under shared rounded hoods; the window above the main entrance is round-arch, with a bracketed cornice above. A single-story porch extends across the front and around to the left side, with equally elaborate decoration. The interior is as richly decorated as the exterior.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1867 for Philip Chapin, owner of a local tool factory which was one of New Hartford&#39;s largest employers. The factory had been started by his father Hermon, but was not well-run by Philip, who ended up selling out to his brother and moving away in 1878. The adjacent park was donated by Hermon, as was land for the churches that also face it.</p><br>
<p>Marion County Jail and Jailors House, also known as the Palmyra Jail and Palmyra Massacre Jail, is a historic jail and sheriffs residence located at Palmyra, Marion County, Missouri. It was built in 1858, and is a two-story, three bay, Greek Revival style brick I-house with a broad two story limestone ell. It features a full-width, one story front porch supported by smooth tampering Doric order columns. The building housed the ten men, accused of being Confederate partisans, who were selected by Union authorities to be executed in reprisal for the disappearance of a local Union supporter. Referred to as the Palmyra massacre, the accused were executed on October 18, 1862.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Central Park Historic District is a national historic district located at Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri. The district encompasses 261 contributing buildings, 1 contributing site, and 4 contributing structures in a predominantly residential section of Hannibal. It developed between about 1840 and 1939, and includes representative examples of Romanesque Revival, Late Victorian, and Art Deco architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Federal Building, Hannibal Old Police Station and Jail, and Eighth and Center Streets Baptist Church. Other notable contributing resources include Central Park with a war memorial monument and a life-size bronze statue of William Henry Hatch , City Hall , old Missouri Guaranty Building , Price Apartments , YMCA , Masonic Temple , Park Methodist Church , Retards Row , Elks Building , Holmes Building , Security Building , Kerchival-Iakenan-Lathrop House, Admiral Coontz Birthplace, Inmaculate Conception Chapel , Episcopalian Trinity Church , and William C. Henn House .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Maple Avenue Historic District is a national historic district located at Hannibal, Marion County, Missouri. The district encompasses 148 contributing buildings in a predominantly residential section of Hannibal. It developed between about 1850 and 1950, and includes representative examples of Federal, Italianate, Late Victorian, Colonial Revival, and Bungalow / American Craftsman architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Ebert-Dulany House, Rockcliffe Mansion, and Eighth and Center Streets Baptist Church. Other notable buildings include Central School by William B. Ittner, Pilgrim Congregational Church, McKnight House, Cliffside, Hogg House, the McVeigh House, the Mclntyre House, the Settles House, and the Clayton House.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Auld House  is a ruined house in Stirlingshire, Scotland, located 1.5 mi west of the village of Drymen. Historic seat of the Clan Buchanan, the house was the property of the Chiefs of Clan Buchanan who controlled the surrounding lands from at least 1231 until 1682. Following the death of John Buchanan in the late 17th century, the estate passed to the Grahams who substantially rebuilt the house during the 18th century. The property burned down in 1852 and James Graham, 4th Duke of Montrose commissioned the country house of Buchanan Castle as a replacement, which was built in 1852-1858 and stands 0.5 mi to the southeast. The ruins of Buchanan Auld House exist today as part of a courtyard attached to the clubhouse of the Buchanan Castle Golf Club, which occupies the surrounding lands.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>During the reign of Malduin, Mormaer (Earl) of Lennox, 1217–1250, Anselan (third of that name) was granted, in 1225, the island of Clairinsh. (Clár Inis). He is referred to as clericus meus, meaning my clergyman. He is subsequently recorded as Absalom de Buchanan and it is understood that to have this title, there must have been other grants of land in the parish of Buchanan. During the reign of king Alexander II (1214–1249), Gilbert de Buchanan, seneschal to the Earl of Lennox, received, in 1231, a charter confirming Clairinsh and other lands in Buchanan. It is from the lands of Buchanan that the Clan name is derived. Buchanan Auld House became the seat of the Chiefs of Clan Buchanan (the Lairds of Buchanan) over the next 450 years, until 1682 when the 22nd Chief John Buchanan died without any male heirs. Despite attempts to make provisions by which the chiefship could be passed on to the descendants of his daughters, no such arrangement was finalised. He had inherited significant debt and during his chiefship, the Buchanan estate was gradually sold to satisfy creditors. With the lack of male heirs, the direct chiefly line ended at this time.</p><br>
<p>The estate was purchased by James Graham, 3rd Marquess of Montrose in 1682 and the house eventually replaced Mugdock Castle as the seat of Clan Graham, being seen as a dwelling more fitting the title of Marquess. The Montrose family substantially rebuilt the house from approximately 1724. The architect William Adam prepared designs for the house and parklands in 1745. In 1790 William Henry Playfair was commissioned by the James Graham, 3rd Duke of Montrose to design alterations to the house. The 4th Duke and his wife raised and trained racehorses on the estate in the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>Buchanan Auld House was destroyed in a fire in 1852 and William Burn was commissioned to replace it. Burn designed an extravagant manor in the Scottish baronial style, enclosing an L-plan tower in a clutch of turrets, bartizans and stepped gables. This became Buchanan Castle, which was built in 1852-1858 and stands 0.5 mi to the southeast. The ruins of Buchanan Auld House, comprising part of the original servants quarters, exist today as part of a courtyard attached to the clubhouse of the Buchanan Castle Golf Club, which occupies the surrounding lands.</p><br>
<p>The Troup County Courthouse, Annex, and Jail are three buildings built in 1939. Their construction was funded by the Public Works Administration, as a project under the New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt&#39;s administration to invest in infrastructure. They were designed by architect William J.J. Chase in Stripped Classical style.</p><br>
<p>LaGrange was in the news in January 2017 for the public apology of its police chief and mayor for the city&#39;s failure to prevent the 1940 lynching of Austin Callaway, a young black man. Callaway was taken by a gang of white men from the jail, which presumably was this Troup County Jail.</p><br>
<p>The old Troup County Courthouse is used in the 21st century as the Juvenile Courthouse. The jail behind it was torn down in 2001 when the Troup County Government Center was built.</p><br>
<p>A former private Victorian home, built in 1892, was acquired by the county and operated as the Troup County Jail until replaced by the new facility in 1939. After being used in other ways, the building was restored and adapted for use since 2001 as the Chattahoochee Valley Art Museum / LaGrange Art Museum.</p><br>
<p>The John C. Coffing House is a historic house on United States Route 44 in Salisbury, Connecticut. Built in 1799 for one of the leading businessmen of the region, it is a good local example of late Colonial architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The John C. Coffing House is located on the east side of Route 44, south of the village center of Salisbury, on 2.5 acre overlooking a tributary of Factory Brook just to the south. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, oriented facing south toward the brook. It has a five-bay front facade, a side-gable roof with central chimney, a clapboarded exterior, and a locally quarried limestone foundation. The main entrance is at the center of the facade, sheltered by a projecting gabled vestibule added in the early 20th century. The cornices are trimmed with dentil moulding, and there is a half-round fanlight in the street-facing gable end. A wing extends to the right of the main block, apparently incorporating an older ell.</p><br>
<p>The house was built in 1799 for John C. Coffing, a native of Southbury, Connecticut. He cofounded the firm of Holley and Coffing, which became of the regions major operators of iron furnaces in the first half of the 19th century. This house was built on land Coffing purchased from Sarah Holley, which she had inherited from her grandfather Benjamin Stiles, one of the areas early settlers. The Holley and Coffing families, which intermarried in subsequent generations, dominated the areas iron production industries for several generations. This house was sold out of the extended Coffing family in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Leila Wynne Lake is a lake in the province of Newfoundland and Labrador in Eastern Canada. it is 1100 km northeast of the Canadian capital of Ottawa.</p><br>
<p>The lake is 544 meters above sea level. The highest point in the immediate vicinity is 582 meters above sea level, 1.0 km northeast of Leila Wynne Lake.</p><br>
<p>The vegetation around Leila Wynne Lake is primarily low growing subarctic forest. The population density is fewer than two inhabitants per square kilometer. The region is part of the boreal climate zone. The average annual air temperature is -7 °C. The warmest month is August, when the average temperature is 12 °C and the coldest is January, with -25 °C.</p><br>
<p>Most of Leila Wynne Lake is underlain by marble. The southern shore has a bedrock of schist.</p><br>
<p>The Colebrook Center Historic District encompasses the town center of Colebrook, Connecticut. Located in an isolated valley at the junction of Connecticut Route 183 with Rockwell and Smith Hill Roads, the village was established in 1767, and has seen little change since about 1860. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Colebrook is located in the hills of northwestern Connecticut, just south of the Massachusetts state line. It was surveyed in the mid-18th century and settled 1765 by natives of Windsor and East Windsor. It was incorporate in 1779. The oldest surviving house in Colebrook village, an ell to the Samuel Rockwell House, dates to this time. The location of the town center was a contentious matter, with a site probably near the present village church chosen c. 1790. With little land suitable for agriculture, the town&#39;s economy in the 19th century was dominated by the raising of sheep and cattle, and the operation of associated businesses such as tanneries, some of which were located just north of the main intersection on Center Brook. Since 1860, the village center has seen little change, and its economy is dominated by summer tourism.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on the triangular common formed by Route 183, Smith Hill Road, and Thompson Road, with the Greek Revival church (built 1842) at the southern end. Extending north from the common are a cluster of residential and civic buildings, including the recently built town hall, one of the districts few late 20th-century intrusions. Opposite the town hall is the 1812 Colebrook Store, one of the districts finest examples of Federal period architecture. North of the store is the Samuel Rockwell House, and beyond that the district descends to Center Brook. Most of the principal buildings of the district were built before 1880, with mainly secondary buildings (garages, barns, and other outbuildings) built afterward.</p><br>
<p>The Dubuque Millworking Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008. Made up of large industrial buildings, the district represents the period of transition when Dubuque went from lumber production to millwork production. The buildings are associated with two local millworking firms, Carr, Ryder & Adams and Farley Loetscher. All of the buildings are brick construction, and are between two and five stories in height. Decorative features include pavilions, pilasters, large entry arches, decorative pediments and parapets. Two of the buildings fill an entire block, while three cover a half block. The most substantial buildings were built between 1881 and 1924.</p><br>
<p>The Fenelon Place Residential Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The residential area that makes up the district is located on a plateau located directly above the Mississippi River Valley. This was the first bluff-top neighborhood in Dubuque that established elevator service. The first Fenelon Place Elevator, listed on the National Register in 1978, was completed in 1894. Early houses on the plateau were small cottages built by lead miners. They were replaced by large houses that were built in two periods. The first period at the end of the 19th century saw houses built in the Italianate, Gothic Revival, Second Empire, and Queen Anne styles. House in the second period in the beginning of the 20th century were largely built in the Classical Revival and Tudor Revival styles.</p><br>
<p>Kadina Town Hall is a heritage-listed town hall at 51 Taylor Street, Kadina, South Australia. It was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 4 March 1993 and on the former Register of the National Estate on 1 November 1983. It is now managed by the District Council of the Copper Coast, who operate out of a modern extension to the building.</p><br>
<p>The first section of the building opened in 1880 as the permanent premises of the Kadina Institute. The institute had opened on 11 September 1871 in rented premises unflatteringly described as an "old shed", then shifted to an old shop in Graves Street in 1878. The institute committee had originally tendered for an architect in 1877 and had selected Adelaide architect Rowland Rees, but had rejected his plans; instead, John Gaskell was appointed architect, resulting in a one-storey, 30ft by 20ft and 26ft high building, at a cost of £478. The foundation stone was laid on 28 April 1880 and the building opened on 28 July.</p><br>
<p>In 1882, Gaskell was also appointed to design an extension to the institute for a hall. It was built by William Hancock and opened by Governor William C. F. Robinson in June 1863, having cost £2,600. The institute committee struggled to make repayments on the extension loan, and in 1889 transferred the building to the Corporate Town of Kadina, at which time it became the Kadina Town Hall. The second storey was added in 1898 by contractors Grigg and Son, with two large rooms for a council chambers and library and a smaller room for a mayor&#39;s parlour; prior to this one councillor had reportedly complained that the town hall "looked like a bond store". The balcony and an ornamental gable were added at this time.</p><br>
<p>The clock tower was constructed in 1903 by W. H. Stocker to the design of T. R. Heath, and was built from stone and brick to a height of 65ft. The clock itself had been donated by businessman Daniel Squibb, while the town council borrowed and increased rates to fund the cost of the tower. The tower opened in July of that year, and following its completion, Squibb paid the council for the entire cost of the tower.</p><br>
<p>The gallery in the hall itself was built in 1914 after concerns about insufficient seating; while the council were unable to finance it directly, they instead funded the project through private subscription of local businessmen. It was built by Bill Milliken from October that year and opened on 6 December. A roll of honour commemorating those who enlisted in World War I was unveiled on 4 December 1916. The hall was enlarged and extended 20ft north in 1933 by builders Hedley Trenwith and Langdon Bros, and funded as a joint project between the council and the federal government as part of Great Depression relief efforts. The 1933 extension completed the heritage components of the building.</p><br>
<p>The Seminary Hill Residential Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The district is a blufftop residential area that surrounds Madison Park. It takes its name from its proximity to the former German Theological Seminary, now the seminary located at the University of Dubuque. Clarke Drive, the main artery through the district, was also known as Seminary Street at one time. About half of the historic buildings here are brick. The Italianate style is dominate, with several examples of the Italian Villa design. There are also a few examples of the Second Empire, Queen Anne, and Classical Revival styles. This residential area was developed between 1855 and 1919.</p><br>
<p>The Upper Iowa Street Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015. The district is a single block with commercial and residential buildings on both sides of Iowa Street. It was originally a residential section on the north side of the central business district. The first two commercial buildings were substantial Italianate-style structures constructed on the north side of the block in the mid-1880s. In the 1890s larger and more elaborate Queen Anne commercial buildings were built to the south. The oldest building is an 1872 residence that was used as a doctor&#39;s office and other business purposes. It has subsequently been covered in Permastone. The rest of the buildings are brick with stone ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>The small Sirgenstein Cave, Sirgensteinhöhle is situated 565 m above sea level inside the 20 m high Sirgenstein, a limestone rock. The cave sits 35 m above the Ach River valley bottom in the central Swabian Jura, southern Germany. Archaeologist R. R. Schmidt excavated the site in 1906 during which he identified indices of prehistoric human presence. He recorded the complete stratigraphic sequence of Palaeolithic and Neolithic origin. In his 1910 analysis Schmidt inspired future archaeologists with his pioneering concept of including the excavation site within its geographic region, contextualizing it within a wide scientific spectrum and demonstrated valuable results as he correlated the Sirgenstein layer structure to those of prehistoric sites in France.</p><br>
<h2>Site</h2><br>
<p>Sirgenstein Cave is besides the better known sites Hohle Fels and Geisenklösterle, one of three caves that bear evidence of prehistoric human presence, located in the Ach River valley within a distance of 5 km between Schelklingen village and Blaubeuren village, around 20 km west of Ulm city in Baden-Württemberg.</p><br>
<p>The 6 m wide cave entrance is located under a rock overhang and opens to the southwest and in a pair of ceiling openings at the opposite end. Its total length is 40 m, its width around 5 m and an average height of 3 to 4 m. Situated at the Sirgenstein limestone rock&#39;s southern face is a rockshelter (Abri). Its sediment analysis revealed temporary occupation phases of Magdalenian hunter groups.</p><br>
<p>The oldest known written record of the site dates to the Dominican clergyman Felix Fabri&#39;s 1488 book Historia Suevorum (Swabian History). Oscar Fraas, another clergyman and 19th century scientist, educated at the University of Tübingen initiated systematic studies of the area in 1866.</p><br>
<h2>Stratigraphy</h2><br>
<p>Schmidt, who had the site completely excavated in summer and autumn 1906, finished his analysis in 1910 and published the 1912 monograph "The diluvial prehistory of Germany" (Die diluviale Vorzeit Deutschlands). In a synthesis of his own field data and the contemporary state of research he addressed archaeological questions interdisciplinary and placed the Sirgenstein Cave&#39;s research within the Ach River cave context, the Swabian Jura and the then known European context. He also recognized and articulated obvious correlations between the already voluminous French and German records of human, biological and cultural prehistory. Schmidt divided the Sirgenstein Cave sediments into eight (I to VIII) relevant and one sterile strata. Although stratigraphically consistent, the most recent cultures of the Upper Paleolithic layers received clarification.</p><br>
<p>VIII and VII: The lowest Middle Palaeolithic strata with material of Neanderthal Mousterian cultural assemblages. Lithic objects and stone tools were re-dated in 1996, re-analysis of the sediments suggests that these layers represent in fact only one horizon.</p><br>
<p>no label: A thin and archaeologically sterile layer, that contained arctic microfauna of small rodents, distinctly separates the deeper Mousterian Middle Palaeolithic deposits from the Aurignacian Upper Paleolithic sediments.</p><br>
<p>VI, V and IV: Upper Paleolithic layers of the Aurignacian culture that contain bone tools and stone tools, retouched blades, gouges, nosed end scrapers, ivory items, arrow heads and perforated ivory beads. New among the animal fossils are Woolly rhinoceros, Cave lion, Red deer and wolf. Very sparse Homo sapiens dental remains, one canine and two molars account for two individuals.</p><br>
<p>III, II and I: Incorrectly labeled Proto-Solutréen by Schmidt, layer III and II were later correctly assigned to the Gravettian culture, that apart from bone fragments and ivory items, contained hardly any stone tools. reindeer, horse and snowshoe hare are most abundant.</p><br>
<p>The top layer I was re-attributed to the Magdalenian culture. It contained gouges, drills, scrapers and fragmented arrow tips made from antlers and ivory. Among the animal fossils are reindeer, horse, snowshoe hare, grouse, cave bear, mammoth and a small number of ibex remnants.</p><br>
<p>unlabeled sediments deposited during the Bronze Age and Iron Age cover the prehistoric sequence</p><br>
<p>AMS dating of bone point samples from the Aurignacian and Gravettian layers to an age between 30,000 and 27,000 years ago confirmed consistency of subsequent cultural corrections.</p><br>
<h3>Rock shelter</h3><br>
<p>Excavated in 1937 by Gustav Riek, the rock shelter (Abri) on the Sirgenstein&#39;s southern face is about 2.5 m wide, 1.5 m deep and situated around 7 m above the cave site. The small number of distinct stone tools and animal remains retrieved reasonably supports the idea of occasional use during the Late Magdalenian period.</p><br>
<h2>Human occupation</h2><br>
<p>Humans predominantly occupied the cave entrance, where fireplaces and hearths were preferably placed during the entire occupation sequence. The oldest traces of human activity between 50,000 and 35,000 years ago are Neanderthal fireplaces and pits with charred bones, that had been split for marrow extraction. Stone tools were crafted from local materials. The study of juvenile remains among the wild horse fossils lead Schmidt to conclude that the site was only occupied during the winter season.</p><br>
<p>A thin sediment layer without traces of human presence suggests that Sirgenstein was not a location where Neanderthals had yielded to sudden Homo sapiens intrusion.</p><br>
<p>The following Aurignacian cultural sequence is characterized by bone points with simple bases and numerous end scrapers. AMS dates for the Sirgenstein Aurignacian obtained in 2003 produced an average date range of around 27,000 years ago for layer V and 30,500 years ago for layer VI. These periods are distinctly more recent than those of the merely 5 km distant Geisenklösterle Aurignacian. Ivory figurines or other individual abstract pieces of art for which the region is well known are absent at Sirgenstein, however, objects of personal decoration like perforated ivory beads are documented. The inner parts of the cave were more frequented only after the last glacial period beginning in the Magdalenian period.</p><br>
<h2>Faunal deposits</h2><br>
<p>Tübingen University palaeontologist E.F. Koken conducted a faunal analysis in 1912, but he published no exact quantitative list and rather organized all species&#39; occurrence in unreliable categories, such as "common" or "very common". Researchers reported in a publication of 2004, that an attempt to reanalyze and quantify the faunal fossils of the Middle Palaeolithic layers failed, because many of the fossils Schmidt had excavated and mentioned in his analysis are missing in the collections of the University of Tübingen. Schmidt then wrote, which can no longer be confirmed, that 90% of the remains in the Middle Palaeolithic layers were cave bear fossils, wild horse was the second most abundant species, followed by reindeer and giant deer. Mammoth is represented by a tusk fragment from only a single juvenile individual. As numerous of the large bones, the cave bears included, were split or showed cut marks and impact fractures, Schmidt reasoned that all these animals were hunted by the human occupants.</p><br>
<p>In the context of a 2002 to 2012 morphological and biometrical analysis and study on European Pleistocene species migration and extinction a Tübingen research team reconstructed an evolutionary process in the Ach Valley sites Hohle Fels, Geisenklösterle and Sirgenstein by observing replacement among the cave bear species of Ursus spelaeus by Ursus ingressus. Based on mitochondrial DNA analysis of fossils, the latest occurrence of Ursus spelaeus dates to around 31,500 years ago, the earliest record of a single specimen of Ursus ingressus dates to 36,300 years ago. Only around 32,000 years ago Ursus ingressus fossils of various mtDNA haplotypes begin to appear again. The five hundred-year span until Ursus spelaeus final disappearance around 31,500 years ago is considered to be the main intrusion/replacement phase of Ursus ingressus.</p><br>
<p>Mount Halimun  is a mountain in the island of Java, Indonesia.</p><br>
<p>It is protected by the Mount Halimun Salak National Park.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Mount Halimun is in the volcanic belt of the Bandung Zone.</p><br>
<p>It is a stratovolcano formed during the Pleistocene.</p><br>
<p>It is on the border between Banten province and West Java province.</p><br>
<p>The summit, Halimun Utara, has an elevation of 1,929 m and a prominence of 938 m.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>The mountain lies within the largest area of primary rainforest in Java.</p><br>
<p>The word Halimun means "cloudy" or "misty" in the Sundanese language, and is given to two of the peaks in the national park, but is commonly applied to the higher north peak.</p><br>
<p>Much of the forest on the mountain is almost always enclosed in cloud.</p><br>
<p>The Ci Durian river rises on the slopes of the mountain and flows northward through the Banten region.</p><br>
<p>The Cisadane river also rises in the park.</p><br>
<p>The park is a critical area for survival of the silvery gibbon.</p><br>
<h2>Climbing</h2><br>
<p>A permit is required to enter the Mount Halimun Salak National Park.</p><br>
<p>From the village of Leuwijamang, to the north of the mountain at an elevation of 800 m, it takes about 8 hours to hike to the summit and back.</p><br>
<p>Technically the route to the summit is not considered an "official climbing lane" by the National Park, so climbing is not allowed.</p><br>
<p>Mathew H. Ritchey House, also known as "Mansion House" and Belle Starr House, is a historic home located at Newtonia, Newton County, Missouri. It was built about 1840, and is a two-story, brick dwelling with a two-story rear wing. It rests on a sandstone block foundation and side gable roof. It features a one-story front portico and interior end chimneys. Also on the property is the contributing Ritchey family cemetery and an outbuilding. It was the site of three American Civil War skirmishes and one of the few structures to survive the First Battle of Newtonia and Second Battle of Newtonia. It was also the setting for one of Belle Starr&#39;s youthful adventures.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. It is located in the First Battle of Newtonia Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Cream Hill Agricultural School is believed to be the first school in the United States devoted to education in agricultural practices. Founded in 1845 on an 18th-century farmstead on Cream Hill Road in northern Cornwall, Connecticut, it operated until 1869. The property, still in agricultural use, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>The Cream Hill Agricultural School property is located on 400 acre in northern Cornwall, a rural community in the northwestern hills of Connecticut. The main farmstead is found on the west side of Cream Hill Road, nort of its junction with Wadsworth Road. In additions to more modern farm trappings, much of its historic educational complex survives. This includes a c. 1770 2-1/2 story farmhouse, to which a 1-1/2 story ell was added about 1840. A second wing was added in 1845, specifically for use as classroom space. This two-story flat-roofed structure was enlarged in 1850 with a similar section topped by a square turret. Standing west of this complex are sheds and barns of 19th-century vintage.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The school was founded in 1845 by T.S. Gold and his father Samuel, on land they owned and farmed. The younger Gold, educated in agricultural practices at Yale, was a leading force in the promotion of agricultural education in Connecticut, serving as the first secretary of the state&#39;s agricultural board. The school curriculum was focused on agriculture, teaching soil types, agricultural practices, horticulture, and surveying, but also taught arts and other subjects conventionally taught at secondary schools. It attracted students mainly from New England, but it had a nationwide reputation, and attracted students from Europe and South America. The school closed in 1869.</p><br>
<p>Stone&#39;s Bridge is a historic stone arch bridge in Framingham and Wayland, Massachusetts. It is located just north of Stonebridge Road, and partially crosses the Sudbury River. Built in 1858, it is a well-preserved example of mid-19th century stone bridge construction, despite its truncation in 1955 due to a shift in the river channel. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is closed to all access.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Stone&#39;s Bridge (named for a historic local resident, not for its construction material) is a four-arch stone bridge located on the Sudbury River, the border between Framingam (to the west) and Wayland (to the east). The bridge footings and arches are built out of dry laid split granite stone, topped with a grassy surface. The bridge ends on the west side of the current main channel of the river, but before reaching the Framingham shore. That end is terminated by a stone-faced concrete pier built against the former western abutment.</p><br>
<p>This location has had a crossing of some sort since early colonial days. A bridge is mentioned at this location in 1674, as a "horse bridge" near the home of Daniel Stone. It is believed that this bridge was crossed by the guns of Ticonderoga during the American Revolutionary War; a marker has been placed on the Wayland end, indicating it is part of the Henry Knox Trail, commemorating this action. This bridge was built in 1857-58 by William Simonds, according to Framingham town records, and was mentioned by Henry David Thoreau in diary entries dated 1859. The bridge was damaged by flooding from Hurricane Diane in 1955, at which time Stonebridge Road was rerouted to a new bridge to the south. At that time, the western end was stabilized, and new wingwalls were built on the Wayland shore.</p><br>
<p>The Cream Hill Shelter is a historic rustic log shelter in Housatonic State Forest in Cornwall, Connecticut. Built in 1935, it is one three surviving log shelters constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps in Connecticut. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Cream Hill Shelter is located deep in the woods of northern Cornwall, on Wickwire Road, a forest road (closed to traffic due to a washed-out stream crossing) that runs easterly from Cream Hill Road, roughly paralleling Reed Brook to the south. It is a small log structure, with a gabled roof and dry-laid fieldstone foundation. The rectangular structure, open on one side, is built out of saddle-notched logs, with a milled lumber sill across the base of the open side to add stability.</p><br>
<p>The shelter was built in 1935 by a crew of the CCC based at Camp Cross, which was located elsewhere in Housatonic State Forest. Crews from the same camp also built the Red Mountain Shelter in Mohawk State Forest. These two shelters were both located along what was then the route of the Appalachian Trail, but has since been rerouted further west. The Trail had been laid through the area by the state in 1930-33, and the CCC crews (active from 1933 to 1941) were responsible for opening this area of the forest to further recreational use. This shelter is one of two the CCC built in the immediate vicinity; the other, located about one mile to the north, has been demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Walker County Courthouse in LaFayette, Georgia was built in 1917 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was designed with Beaux-Arts architecture by architect Charles E. Bearden. It is a three-story, rectangular courthouse built of cream brick. It has multiple pairs of "colossal" Tuscan order columns running up the second and third stories, alternating with triple windows. Its entablature has triglyphs and metopes. It is described in its National Register nomination as having a Beaux Arts/Renaissance Revival design: "It is not a pure design but is adapted and is Renaissance Revival more in massing and long horizontal lines rather than specific details."</p><br>
<p>Its interior features oak millwork that is especially noteworthy. Its courtroom is "unusually spacious; the woodwork, the deeply recessed ceiling squares, the retention of early light fixtures blend to create a sophisticated statement."</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register in 1980.</p><br>
<p>Bearden, an architect based in Chattanooga, Tennessee, also designed the NRHP-listed Richard Hardy Memorial School in South Pittsburg, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Lake Meke  is a crater lake</p><br>
<p>composed of two nested lakes located in Konya Province, central Turkey. It is a registered natural monument of the country and a Ramsar site.</p><br>
<p>Lake Meke is located in Karapınar district of Konya Province. It is 9 km away from Karapınar, and 2 km south of the Konya-Adana highway .</p><br>
<p>It was formed by the flooding of the crater of an extinct volcano, which took shape about 4 million years ago when the volcano erupted. About 9,000 years ago, a second eruption formed another volcanic cone inside the lake with a maar. Lake Meke now consists of two lakes with various islets. It is 800 m long and 500 m wide with a depth of 12 m. The inner lake inside the 50 m-high volcanic cone is 25 m deep, and contains saline water. The volcanic cone island resisted erosion by the harsh weather conditions due to its massive material, and has retained its form for thousands of years.</p><br>
<p>Lake Meke was declared a first grade protected area in 1989. It was registered as a natural monument in 1998. On June 21, 2005, the lake and its surrounding area was declared a Ramsar site because of its international importance for wildfowl.</p><br>
<p>A scientist from Selçuk University in Konya stated in 2009 that the lake had nearly dried up. He stated that the reason behind this was the uncontrolled extraction of water for agricultural irrigation and overdrafting. In 2012, it was reported that the lake&#39;s capacity had decreased by about 60% within the last twenty years and that there was a risk that it would dry out completely.</p><br>
<p>In many sections of the lake, the water was becoming increasingly saline and crystallization was occurring. A drought season in 2014 caused a lowering of the groundwater level which was responsible for the further drying out of the lake to an extent of almost 99%. The remaining water body was turned red by the large quantity of microorganisms present in the brackish water. Nearly a hundred species of bird which were previously seen at the lake, had by 2015 moved elsewhere.</p><br>
<p>Four Mounds Estate Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Dubuque, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Four Mounds was a gentlemans farm developed by George and Viola Burden in the early 20th century. They lived and raised their children in the country, while George Burden was able to easily commute to work downtown. The district includes 17 buildings that were used for residential, farm, recreational and support purposes. The farm buildings were generally constructed between 1908 and 1911. The Chauffeurs House was built in 1907, and it is the oldest structure in historic district. The buildings are located on a 60 acre estate located above a bluff overlooking the Mississippi River. Chicago landscape architect A. Phelps Wyman designed the cultured grounds, which include historic gardens, woodlands, prairie, and a rare oak savanna. Chicago architect Lawrence Buck designed the family&#39;s Craftsman house, known as the Grey House (1908). Their son Bill and his wife Elizabeth took over the farm for his parents and they built the Colonial Revival White House in 1924. Its architect is unknown. The farm stayed in the family until 1982 when it was given to the City of Dubuque when Elizabeth died. At the time of her death there was still a full-time staff that lived on the estate.</p><br>
<p>A non-profit organization began running Four Mounds in 1987. Three of the houses are used as bed and breakfast inns, and the Grey house also functions as a small conference center. Visitors may hike the trails on the grounds, and view the refurbished buildings. The estate is a part of the Silos & Smokestacks National Heritage Area.</p><br>
